Matrix Mettaloproteinase 3 A Potential Biomarker For...

Matrix mettaloproteinase-3 as a potential biomarker for human metastatic osteosarcoma or Elevated expression of MMP-3 in human osteosarcoma and associated with tumor metastasis Abstract: Matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3, is one of several matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) family that has been observed in several malignant tumors, including breast, colon, cervical and lung cancers, where its expression correlates with the invasion and metastasis of these tumors. However, the roles of MMP-3 in osteosarcoma are totally unknown. In this study, we examined the expression of MMP-3 in 15 primary and metastatic osteosarcomas with case-matched adjacent normal tissues by immunohistochemistry and quantitative RT-PCR. MMP-3 expression were expressed in 86.6 % (13/15) of the osteosarcoma tissues and the expression levels of MMP-3 were significantly higher in metastatic tumors than in primary osteosarcoma tumor tissues. Further, we investigated the expression of MMP-3 in osteoblast and osteosarcoma cells and found that MMP-3 was highly expressed in osteosarcoma cells compared to osteoblast cells. Knockdown of MMP-3 by siRNA in osteosarcoma cells significantly inhibited their migra tion and invasion properties. These findings suggest that MMP-3 expression is deregulated in osteosarcoma tumors, potentially contributing to metastasis and might be a promising marker for the prognosis and therapy of metastatic osteosarcoma. Key words: Osteosarcoma, MMP-3, metastasis, EMT and invasion

Descriptive Personal Narrative Story - 1011 Words

It was a brisk fall morning at 4 o’clock, and I walked into the cold, stale hospital terrified. I was a brown haired, brown eyed 5-year-old wearing gray pajamas covered in blue, yellow and red race cars. I was scared and unsure of what was about to happen. I asked my mom, â€Å"What wong me?† Of course, she knew that meant, â€Å"What’s wrong with me?† â€Å"You are having a surgery but you will be alright,† she responded calmly. I was confused as to why she was so calm, while I was so worried about being in the hospital. I sat on a bed with silver rails on it like a giant crib. The light blue blanket lay across my lap while the nurses gave me medications to help me sleep. I clung tightly to my lime green alligator with all my might. Things were†¦show more content†¦My mom sang lullabies and continued rocking, but the emotion kept flowing. Maybe it was the excitement of what was to come, maybe it was the loss of what was or maybe even fear of the unknown. Finally, the tears stopped and I slept in the warm embrace of the mom who said she would be right there waiting for me. I was born with a hearing issue and I was unable to hear what others said to me which did not give me much of a voice the first few years of my life. This made life difficult for several reasons. Making friends was something I struggled with due to my inability to hear or respond. As I grew older I started to make up my own language using sounds and actions to communicate with my parents. I would make a sound and my parents would know based on what I pointed at what I was talking about. This was how I communicated with them until after the surgery. They always said, â€Å"You created your very own language and your family learned it.† I was easily frustrated because people treated me like I was dumb. When I couldn’t get my point across or people couldn’t understand me, I would get very angry. When my little brother could communicate better than me, it made me want to hurt him because it seemed so unfair. I couldn’t seem to grasp why everything was so much harder for me. I went to speech therapy for over two years. There was little progress with my sounds. My therapists worked very hard with me each week to help me form words but my brain couldn’tShow MoreRelatedDescriptive Personal Narrative Story1438 Words   |  6 PagesI had woke up to the tranquility of a Sunday night there was a slight breeze, It was May 29th, 2016 around eight p.m. I was alone and confused in a poorly, lit living room. I stared into these white walls that were so bright it felt as if you were staring into snow, I was stuck and could only think, â€Å"I just have to organize all my things for tomorrow before I fall back asleep.†   I sat there on my couch tired from the late night before. I felt time was ticking as the sun faded with each second, IRead MoreDescriptive Personal Narrative Story746 Words   |  3 Pages â€Å"Yeah go ahead and run Trinity!!! Run like you always do!† My mom slurred sloppily from the front porch. I sprinted toward South Mis sion Beach. As I ran further, I heard the screen door close with a loud clannnnng†¦my mom still yelling drunken nonsense in the distance. That was nothing new. My eyes watered as I focused on my form. High knees†¦elbows straight†¦inhale†¦press†¦shoulders square†¦exhale... I put my earbuds in and thought back to when I was just a little girl on the Boca IslandsRead MoreNarrative vs. Descriptive Writing977 Words   |  4 Pages A narrative essay uses a point of view to tell a story. It is an engaging way for an author to tell his reader about an experience they have had or a personal story. Descriptive writing is a description of something. It could be a person, place, thing, emotion or experience. The author is allowed more artistic freedom when writing in descriptive form. While both descriptive and narrative essays are similar in many ways, the descriptive essays use of language fully immerses the reader intoRead MoreExpository Writing : Writing, Expository, Persuasive, Descriptive, And Narrative757 Words   |  4 Pagesprobably not going to a job interview. Just like anything else, writing has different expressions. Writing is a form of communication; the person is writing to inform, persuade, describe, or tell a story. There are four main types of writing styles, expository, persuasive, descriptive, and narrative. We then choose what we want to read according to our interest in each category. Let’s look at expository writing. Expository writing is usually developed around one topic and is used to describeRead MoreNarrative Essay1497 Words   |  6 PagesThe Narrative Essay *What is a Narrative Essay? †¢ Narrative writing tells a story. In essays, the narrative writing could also be considered reflection or an exploration of the authors values told as a story. The author may remember his or her past, or a memorable person or event from that past, or even observe the present. †¢ The author may write about: -An experience or event from his or her past. -A recent or ongoing experience or event. Read MoreLoss of Freedom in Sedaris This Old House and Angelous Caged Bird1274 Words   |  6 Pagesconstructs his feelings through narrative writing, and Angelou explores her concerns through descriptive writing with the analogy of a bird, they still are exploring the similar topic of perceived loss. The loss of freedom, demonstrated by the demand to uphold a family image, versus the caged bird, remain very similar in both pieces due to perceived entrapment, disappointment and self-nonentity. Descriptive essays leave room for misinterpretation and confusion, where as a narrative essay is straightforwardRead MoreFilm Analysis : Movie Of A Film 1233 Words   |  5 PagesFor anyone who has ever watched a film is a critic in some form. They judge various aspects based on personal feelings or attitudes, then state them for anybody to hear. I, the writer, am guilty of this type of film analysis. I based my ‘review’ of a film solely on how I felt the narrative evolved or how well the acting was done. I never considered why the rhetor of film choose certain details or what might have influenced the rhetor in the first place. However, through this course I was exposedRead MoreEssay Writing Forms and Styles1402 Words   |  6 Pagesdevelop the comparison, and reach a conclusion. Compare and contrast is arranged emphatically.[8] [edit]Descriptive Descriptive  writing is characterized by  sensory  details, which appeal to the physical senses, and details that appeal to a readers emotional, physical, or intellectual sensibilities. Determining the purpose, considering the audience, creating a dominant impression, using descriptive language, and organizing the description are the rhetorical choices to be considered when using a descriptionRead MoreThe Great Journey Through History in John Demos’s The Unredeemed889 Words   |  3 PagesStanding at the boundary between narrative writing and historical review, John Demos’s The Unredeemed Captive is a paragon of history writing that is simultaneously informative and intriguing. Through his entertaining text and thorough analysis, the readers may find themselves as captivated by the story as the Deerfield captives were by the Native Americans. Although often criticized for his style, Demos has produced an evolutionary way to encapsulate facts through descriptive writing. Providing innumerableRead MoreCreation of Sympathy For The Monster In Vol Chapter 5 and Vol Chapter 7 In Mary Shelleys Frankenstein820 Words   |  4 PagesThese methods are utilised and explored deeply throughout the novel. Initially, Shelley introduces the creation of Frankensteins monster, through the viewpoint of Dr Frankenstein himself. This first interpretation of him is very descriptive and powerful, as it comes from Frankenstein upon the creation of this catastrophe. His disgust just creates a more vivid description of the monster, with him describing the monsters contrasting features, such as his lustrous black

Diagnostic Medical Sonography free essay sample

One of the main reasons for choosing a healthcare career in todays society, aside from the basic need for a self sustaining income, is the opportunity to make differences in peoples lives. With the demand for healthcare professionals and alternative medicines on the rise, so is the need for adequately educated trained personnel. Diagnostic Medical Sonography is becoming an increasingly attractive alternative to radiologic procedures such as x-ray and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Accounting for approximately 50,300 jobs in the United States in 2008, compared to the 214,000 jobs held by radiologic technicians, according to the U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Sonography is a small yet rapidly growing field. In diagnostic imaging, there are several procedures that aid doctors in the diagnoses of ailments in patients. Radiology, commonly known as x ray, uses radiation to produce a picture on a film. Another common imaging method is magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which uses giant magnets and radio waves to create an image. We will write a custom essay sample on Diagnostic Medical Sonography or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page However, sonography uses sound waves to generate an image. Through the use of special equipment and computers, diagnostic medical sonographers direct high frequency sound waves into parts of a patient’s body through a wand called a transducer. The transducer sends and receives reflected echoes of sound, much like a dolphin uses â€Å"echo-location† (Merton). The initial responsibility of a sonographer is to explain the procedure to the patient and obtain any additional medical history relevant to the exam. During the exam a sonographer determines which sonogram images are of the best quality and documents any abnormal findings. Elizabeth Jackson, a graduate of diagnostic medical sonography, states â€Å"There is a diverse spectrum of anatomy a sonographer looks at every day which makes it essential that they know what they are looking at, what to look for, and what pathology looks like in order to convey what they see to the Radiologist to make an accurate diagnosis. † Interpersonal skills and communications are vital to the success of the diagnostic process. Detailed oriented individuals with biological science and mathematic backgrounds contribute to the field of sonography. The increasing demand for diagnostic imaging and therapeutic technology promises an exceptional outlook for sonographers. The majority of diagnostic medical sonographers are employed by hospitals, but accessibility to low-cost portable ultrasound equipment has led to a growing number of career opportunities at clinics and diagnostic centers (Rising Demand for Diagnostic Medical Sonographers). They now have access to portable units as small as laptop computers making commuting from hospital bedsides to clinical practices easier. Since some sonographers make their own schedules through contracts with clinics, these portable units make traveling much more convenient. Less means more in terms of health risks. Unlike some imaging methods, sonography doesnt involve radiation, harmful side effects, nor complications from repeated exposure for both patient and sonographer. Although, due to repetitive movements they are unfortunately prone to musculoskeletal pains. In a report, Murphy and Russo show â€Å"In Figure 1 an illustration of the anatomical sites of discomfort reported by sonographers, showing that higher numbers of respondents experienced discomfort in the shoulder, neck, low back, wrist and hand/fingers. † A sonographer must apply moderate pressure on areas of a patient’s body in order to get an accurate reading with the transducer. These ergonomic issues arise when sonographers are unaware of their body mechanics. Fortunately, there are strategies that influence a better working environment. After evaluating the risks associated with becoming a Registered Diagnostic Medical Sonographer some might find the monetary compensation, and the cost associated with obtaining the education comforting. The U. S Bureau of Labor Statistics also suggests, â€Å" the middle fifty percent of sonographers earned between $52,570 and $73,680 in 2008. The earning potential of a sonographer is highly dependent upon their level of education. Post secondary education is a must, therefore program or college tuition can cost anywhere from $4,000 to $30,000 depending upon the level of program chosen (What It Costs). The cost of obtaining a bachelors degree in diagnostic medical sonography equates to about half of an annual salary. Before entering the world of sonography, an individual must first decide which learning path is right for them. The educational journey for a sonographer may vary from one to four years depending upon the certificate or degree completed. The typical educational path takes approximately two years (United States). The American Registry for Diagnostic Medical Sonography(ARDMS) recommends that a student attend programs governed by The Commission on Accreditation of Allied Health Education Programs (CAAHP), considering the accreditation is a requirement for taking national registry exams. Prior to admission into a sonography program, the applicant must at least have a high school diploma or GED. Individual schools have different criteria for entry into their program. For example, Delgado Community College requires one of three things: an associates degree, a bachelors degree or successful completion of their Radiologic Technology program. Hospitals may also offer a vocational program. It’s an acronym jungle for the potential sonographer. Upon successfully completing an accredited sonography program, a student has up to five years to apply and take their national registry exam. Once the applicant has been accepted as a candidate by the American of Registered Diagnostic Medical Sonographers (ARDMS), he or she has only ninety days to actually take their exam. A candidate who successfully completes their exam earns the credentials of a Registered Diagnostic Medical Sonographer (RDMS), a Registered Diagnostic Cardiac Sonographer (RDCS), or a Registered Vascular Technologist (RVT). These credentials are dependent upon a graduates specific choice of modality in the field (Society of Diagnostic Medical Sonography). With technological advances leading to improved diagnostic capabilities, learning for a sonographer is perpetual. According to the American Registry for Diagnostic Medical Sonography, continuing education units are required to maintain their registered title. The ARDMS also mandates a minimum of thirty continuing education credits (CE’s) within a three year period from an accredited teaching facility. Failure of the sonographer in completing the CE requirements usually results in a temporary loss of their credentials and a fine assessed in addition to the regular fee of renewal. So when doing research for a specific healthcare career, careful consideration of all variables is a must. With the growing demand for more outpatient diagnostic imaging sites and a alternative innovations, a sonographer can expect a variety of employment opportunities. It may be a toilsome path for some to walk, but the reward in assisting physicians to make a difference in peoples lives may be all it takes to obtain a sound career in diagnostic medical sonography.

The Cold War and WWII an Example of the Topic History Essays by

The Cold War and WWII Sometimes we doubt, whether the Cold War has been a "real" war. We might think that the Cold War was hardly a "real" war due to the absence of real military actions between the nations. On the one hand, "the reality" of war is not limited by military operations. On the other hand, the history of the Cold War is filled with military examples of a "real" war. That stage of historical development requires thorough re-consideration through the prism of its chronology and the most important events. WWII will become a good basis for comparison, because for many of us the Second World War remains the most vivid representation of what "real" war is. Need essay sample on "The Cold War and WWII" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed One of the major problems of this research is what we consider to be a "real" war. Under the term "real" we imply military actions, millions of deaths, and millions of injured, with several nations involved into the conflict. There are numerous definitions of what war is. A war can imply an armed conflict against an enemy, or can appear in the form of a violent opposition between two different nations. In this context, the Cold War hardly looks like "real" war. It seems that the Cold War was nothing more than visible political opposition and competition between the two powerful nations the United States and the Soviet Union. However, those who hold such erroneous perceptions about the Cold War are not aware of the numerous critical events which took place at that period, and which could easily turn the Cold War into a "real" war. College Students Usually Tell Us: I'm don't want to write my paper. Because I want to spend time with my friends Essay writer professionals advise: Academic Papers For Sale Essay Company Review Academic Essay Writing Pay To Write Essay Best Essay Writing Service As WWII started with the German invasion to Poland in 1939, the Cold War began in 1945, with bombing Hiroshima and Nagasaki by the United States. The nuclear attack has caused multifaceted military and political effects on the history of the Cold War. First, it has pushed the United States ahead of the world's arms race. Second, it has caused thousands of deaths, and in many aspects this event has turned a quiet political opposition into a "real" war. Certainly, we may argue that neither bombing Hiroshima and Nagasaki, nor the explosion of hydrogen bomb in the United States in 1952 were the displays of the Cold War as a "real" war. Certainly, those events did not involve the two political powers into direct military opposition, but the Cold War was and remains primarily a military conflict. It would be correct to call the Cold War the "the continuous armed race", in which each of the two states was trying to prove its military leadership. We can easily call the Cold War "World War II I", because it has led to irreversible political and military consequences not only for the USSR and the USA, but for the whole world. The Cold War has completely changed the political opinion of what a "real" war could be, and has divided the world into the two large political camps. WWII has resulted in the same division of the world politics and geography, in which one of the camps supported the Nazis, with the other fighting for freedom of the occupied nations. In many instances, the historical course of WWII was similar to that of the Cold War. When Germans entered the Polish territory in 1939, the Allies have immediately dismissed all opportunities to resolve the conflict peacefully. When the Soviet Union tested its "A-bomb" in 1949, the world community has realized the seriousness of its military intentions, the seriousness of the military threat to the nations in conflict, and to the world in general. The German attack of the Soviet Union (1941) has become the turning point in the course of WWII. The Cuban Missile Crisis (1962) has become the critical stage of the Cold War between the two superpowers. The German invasion into the USSR has led to the complete defeat of the Nazi Germany in WWII. Simultaneously, the end of the Missile Crisis in Cuba has indicated the complete defeat of Khrushchev as a political leader, and the political and military success of Kennedy. In this context, the Cold War looks very similar to "real" war, as we traditionally imagine it. A "real" war always involves two or more conflicting parties. A "real" war is characterized by continuous or occasional military campaigns between the conflicting parties. A "real" war always ends with the defeat of one of the conflicting camps, or with a peaceful agreement between the parties. The Cold War was characterized by active involvement of the two superpowers into the conflict. The Soviet Union has forever engraved its military revolutionary interventions into the history of East Berlin, Prague, and Budapest. The United States has confirmed its status as the first world superpower. The Cold War has peacefully ended as soon as the two superpowers decided to forever terminate their armed race, and to start the new mutually beneficial stage of political, economic, cultural, and other relations. This is why we can easily conclude that the Cold War was nothing else but a "real" war, f rom the very beginning, to its end. For some reason, we never take the Cold War as a "real" war in its traditional meaning. In reality, we do not look deeper into the historical contents of the Cold War period. We view the Cold War as the time of the growing political tension between the two superpowers, but forget about the critical military operations which took place at that stage of historical development. We constantly associate WWII with the meaning of "real" war, and erroneously conclude that the Cold War was the time of "quiet" multifaceted opposition between the Soviet Union and the United States. However, why do we call the Cold War a "war"? The current research has already answered this question. Reference John Lewis Gaddis "The Cold War" London : Penguin, 2007. Derek C Maus "The Cold War" San Diego : Greenhaven Press, 2003.